Which term refers to any substance that adversely affects the growth and development of an embryo or fetus?

The correct term for any substance that adversely affects the growth and development of an embryo or fetus is "teratogen." Teratogens can lead to developmental malformations or birth defects in a developing fetus, especially during critical periods of development.

Examples of teratogens include certain medications, alcohol, nicotine, infections, and environmental toxins. The impact of teratogens is particularly significant during the first trimester of pregnancy when the major organs and structures of the fetus are forming.

Carcinogens refer to substances that cause cancer, and while they can be harmful, they do not specifically relate to embryonic or fetal development. Mutagens are substances that can cause changes in DNA, leading to mutations, and while some of these can also be teratogenic, they do not specifically denote the adverse effect on fetal development. Pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, can cause infections that might affect fetal development, but they are not classified specifically as teratogens. Therefore, "teratogen" is the most accurate term for substances that negatively influence embryo or fetal growth and development.