What factor is considered a risk for maternal attachment during a pregnancy?

Adolescence is recognized as a factor that can present risks for maternal attachment during pregnancy due to various psychosocial and developmental challenges that adolescents may face. Young mothers might experience increased stress due to their limited life experience, potential lack of emotional support, and societal pressures, which can interfere with their ability to form a secure attachment with their unborn child.

Adolescents may also struggle with the responsibilities of motherhood, leading to feelings of ambivalence or detachment. Their developmental stage may mean they are still navigating their own identity and personal circumstances, which can detract from their capacity to bond with their baby. This is in contrast to the other options, which generally support positive maternal attachment and bonding. A strong support system and regular prenatal care are known to enhance maternal-infant bonding, while a high education level is often associated with better outcomes in maternal health and attachment.